Sports Medicine

Preventing injury keeps athletes healthy and performing.

• Warm-ups, conditioning, and proper technique reduce injury.
• Protective equipment and taping/bracing prevent harm.
• Promote nutrition, hydration, and rest.
• Screening identifies at-risk athletes early.

Assessment identifies the nature and severity of injury.

• Use the HOPS method: History, Observation, Palpation, Special tests.
• ROM (range of motion) and strength tests guide evaluation.
• Distinguish injuries needing referral from those managed on site.
• Document findings for treatment planning.

Rapid, correct care limits damage from acute injury.

• Use RICE (Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation) for soft-tissue injury.
• Recognize emergencies: concussion, fractures, heat illness, cardiac events.
• Know CPR/AED and emergency action plans.
• Stabilize and refer serious injuries appropriately.

Rehabilitation restores function after injury.

• Use therapeutic exercise to rebuild strength and flexibility.
• Modalities include heat, cold, ultrasound, and electrical stimulation.
• Follow a progressive rehab program toward return to play.
• Tailor treatment to the injury and athlete.

Athletic trainers work within legal and ethical standards.

• Maintain accurate documentation and medical records.
• Understand scope of practice, liability, and consent.
• Follow professional ethics and confidentiality.
• Coordinate care with physicians and coaches.